应用极值分析评估帘线钢大尺寸夹杂物分布

基于定量金相检测的大颗粒夹杂物的尺寸,应用 ASTME2283中极值分析的标准化方法（最大似然估计法）对帘线钢冶炼过程所取试样中夹杂物尺寸分布进行了统计分析,并采用 SEM/XPS对大尺寸夹杂物进行了成分检测。分析结果表明：在逆程周期为 1000的检测条件下,通过极值分析方法可计算出试样中相对应 99.90%概率的最大夹杂物尺寸,客观描述了帘线钢中夹杂物尺寸分布特征;某一视场或不同视场内发现不同成分类型的大尺寸夹杂物： CaO-SiO2类和 SiO2-MnO类两类夹杂物具有不同的尺寸分布规律;软吹 40min时 SiO2-MnO类夹杂物出现大尺寸概率明显小于 CaO-SiO2类夹杂物,说明大尺寸夹杂物主要为 CaO-SiO2类夹杂物。     

构造叠加晕找矿方法在某金矿区深部找矿预测中的应用

为评价某金矿深部找矿潜力及找矿靶区预测,文章采用构造叠加晕的找矿方法,通过系统的岩石地球化学分析及构造叠加晕理论模型的建立,对某金矿区主矿体(LM8)进行了深部找矿潜力评价和找矿靶区预测。文章以该金矿的成矿地质背景、成矿作用、成矿期次、矿床类型、矿床地质特征等作为基础资料,提出了该金矿床具有多阶段、多时期叠加成矿的特点,且矿体受NWW向韧性剪切带控制明显。研究结果表明:金矿区主矿体(LM8)深部存在盲矿体,且矿体延伸较大,经SDZK1901、SDZK1902钻孔验证,预测靶区找矿效果良好,显示了构造叠加晕找矿方法在该区域找矿方面具有良好的实用性,为区域金矿勘查提供借鉴意义。     

新疆乌拉根铅锌矿开发技术经济评价

塔西地区乌拉根铅锌矿床位于新疆乌恰县康苏镇南东5 km,是近年来新建成的超大型砂砾岩型铅锌矿床,是塔里木盆地西缘与盆山演化和盆地流体演化有关的典型砂砾岩型铅锌矿床,该类型矿床在成矿机制、成矿规律、找矿勘查和开发利用等方面受到了学术界、勘查界和矿业界的广泛关注。塔西地区已成为砂砾岩型金属矿床的基础理论研究的热点,同时也成为铜、铅、锌等金属矿产勘查的最为活跃的地区之一,发现了一批包括乌拉根超大型砂砾岩型铅锌矿床在内的具有工业意义的铜铅锌矿床(点),显示出塔西坳陷区具有极大的砂砾岩型铅锌矿床的找矿潜力。文章以乌拉根超大型铅锌矿床为模型,开展该类型矿床的资源量—经济评价,运用不确定性分析计算出盈亏平衡率和盈亏平衡点,并进行了敏感性分析,对区内同类型矿山的工业开发利用和投资决策具有一定的参考意义。     

Slope reliability and back analysis of failure with geotechnical parameters estimated using Bayesian inference

A Bayesian approach is proposed for the inference of the geotechnical parameters used in slope design. The methodology involves the construction of posterior probability distributions that combine prior information on the parameter values with typical data from laboratory tests and site investigations used in design. The posterior distributions are often complex, multidimensional functions whose analysis requires the use of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. These procedures are used to draw representative samples of the parameters investigated, providing information on their best estimate values, variability and correlations. The paper describes the methodology to define the posterior distributions of the input parameters for slope design and the use of these results for evaluation of the reliability of a slope with the first order reliability method (FORM). The reliability analysis corresponds to a forward stability analysis of the slope where the factor of safety (FS) is calculated with a surrogate model from the more likely values of the input parameters. The Bayesian model is also used to update the estimation of the input parameters based on the back analysis of slope failure. In this case, the condition FS = 1 is treated as a data point that is compared with the model prediction of FS. The analysis requires a sufficient number of observations of failure to outbalance the effect of the initial input parameters. The parameters are updated according to their uncertainty, which is determined by the amount of data supporting them. The methodology is illustrated with an example of a rock slope characterised with a Hoek-Brown rock mass strength. The example is used to highlight the advantages of using Bayesian methods for the slope reliability analysis and to show the effects of data support on the results of the updating process from back analysis of failure.     

再生骨料透水混凝土关键性能统计及预测分析

对再生骨料透水混凝土(RAPC)4项关键性能指标(抗压强度、劈拉强度、孔隙率及透水系数)进行了统计分析,发现这4项性能指标均基本服从正态分布规律;同时建立了RAPC宏观性能的统计规律与内在联系.在此基础上,基于人工神经网络方法,运用Python软件建立了基于BP神经网络的RAPC性能预测模型,并对上述关键性能指标进行了相互预测分析.结果表明:4项性能指标的模型预测值平均相对误差均在10%以内,预测精度较高,表明RAPC的透水性能与强度性能之间具有内在的反向关联关系,并具备可预测性.     

多目标性能需求的C50混凝土配合比优化设计方法

针对工程用混凝土的多目标性能(工作性能、抗裂性能、力学性能和耐久性能)需求,提出了一种客观权重赋予-灰色关联度分析的混凝土配合比优化设计新方法.采用正交试验法研究了水胶比、砂率、胶凝材料总量、矿物掺和料用量和粉煤灰-矿粉质量比等因素对C50混凝土工作性能、抗裂性能、力学性能和耐久性能的影响,利用客观权重赋予技术确定了各项性能的客观权重,实现了C50高抗裂高性能混凝土配合比的优化设计,得到了最佳配合比,并结合试验数据验证了其综合性能.结果表明:客观权重赋予-灰色关联度分析方法可实现基于多目标性能需求的C50混凝土配合比优化设计,在一定试验条件下,C50高抗裂高性能混凝土最佳配合比参数为:水胶比0.30,砂率35%,胶凝材料总量420kg/m~3,矿物掺和料用量30%,粉煤灰与矿粉质量比2∶1.经验证,该配合比的混凝土满足多目标性能需求.     

Experimental and analytical investigation on seismic behavior of Q690 circular high‐strength concrete‐filled thin‐walled steel tubular columns

This paper proposed a new Q690 circular high‐strength concrete‐filled thin‐walled steel tubular (HCFTST) column comprising an ultrahigh‐strength steel tube (yield strength f_y ≥ 690 MPa). A quasi‐static cyclic loading test was conducted to examine the seismic behavior, and the obtained lateral load‐displacement hysteresis curves, skeleton curves, and ductility were analyzed in detail. Then, a numerical model based on a nonlinear fiber beam‐column element incorporating the modified uniaxial cyclic constitutive laws for concrete and steel was developed mainly to predict the seismic behavior of the tested Q690 circular HCFTST columns. The effects of the concrete cylinder compressive strength (f_c), steel yield strength (f_y), axial compression ratio (n), and diameter‐to‐thickness (D/t) ratio on the seismic behavior were investigated through a parametric study. Finally, a simplified hysteretic model incorporating the moment‐resisting capacity and deterioration of the unloading stiffness in addition to a normalized skeleton curve and hysteretic criterion was established. The results indicate the following: the proposed Q690 circular HCFTST columns can display reasonable hysteretic behaviors to some extent; the use of high‐strength steel can lead to a significantly larger elasto‐plastic deformation capacity and delay the appearance of post‐peak behavior, even if a lower ductility capacity is provided; moderately loosening the limitations on the D/t ratio can also result in ideal hysteretic behaviors; and the established numerical model and simplified hysteretic model can satisfactorily predict the experimentally observed load‐displacement hysteretic curves, including the deterioration of the strength and stiffness and can, thus, offer design references for the elasto‐plastic analysis of circular HCFTST columns.     

Effect of gusset connection configurations on frame–gusset interaction in steel buckling‐restrained braced frame

Although buckling restrained braces (BRBs) are commonly applied in seismic buildings to mitigate structural damage, their performance was often limited by rupture of the corner gusset connections due to additional frame action. This issue may be resolved by alternative gusset connections to mitigate the frame–gusset interaction. In this study, commonly used procedures for design of the traditional gusset connection are reviewed, followed by a case study on the effect of frame action on the structural behavior of these gusset connections in steel frames with BRBs. Inspired by these analysis, two different strategies, aiming at releasing frame–gusset shear interaction using sliding gusset connection or reducing normal interaction using dual gusset plates, are tried to mitigate the frame action effects. Finite element analysis is conducted on steel frame subassemblages with/without BRBs to examine the effect of different gusset connections on the structural behavior of these framing systems. It shows that the sliding gusset connection shows beneficial effect in reducing the frame action, having much smaller stress responses on the gusset interfaces, as well as smaller shear force and plastic responses on the framing system. Thus, it becomes a promising gusset connection for improved seismic performance of the steel framing system with brace‐type dampers.     

The conditional mean spectra by disaggregating the eta spectral shape indicator

Conditional spectra are a recent development in this field, which utilizes the advantages of spectral shape indicators, for example, epsilon and eta. The application of an eta indicator in conditional spectra calculations depends mainly on calculating the peak ground velocity epsilon, data about which are not readily available in the current literature. This issue has been solved by linear regression between the conventional epsilon and the peak ground velocity epsilon. However, not enough attention has been paid in the literature to the disaggregation of the eta indicator. For this reason, the disaggregation of seismic hazard based on the use of an eta indicator has been investigated in this paper, based on a simplified linear seismic source. The obtained results were compared with the available approach in the literature, which shows that this refinement has a meaningful effect on the conditional spectra specifically in the short period range. Furthermore, eta‐based conditional spectra are used at different hazard levels to select ground‐motion records. A three‐storeyed building is then analysed, and the corresponding annual probability of failure is calculated based on the full dataset as well as on the records, which were selected based on conditional spectra.     

Enhancing the seismic performance of mid‐rise wood‐frame buildings with rigid spine columns

Wood‐frame buildings (WFBs) are the most commonly used structural systems for residential applications in North America. Past researches have shown that WFBs are susceptible to soft‐story mechanisms. In this study, a simple, efficient, and economical retrofit strategy, which utilizes continuous pinned‐supported rigid spine columns (RSCs) over the height of the building, is proposed. The retrofit aims to provide uniform deformation through the height of the building to prevent soft‐story mechanisms. This retrofit strategy was applied to a six‐story WFB located in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. A three‐dimensional nonlinear finite element model of the prototype building was developed using OpenSees. A comprehensive parametric study was conducted to identify the most economical RSC design. Seismic performance of the prototype building, with and without the most economical RSC design, was assessed through extensive nonlinear time history analyses. Results showed that the proposed retrofit strategy can effectively improve the seismic behavior of WFBs to prevent soft‐story mechanisms.